Introduction:
Evolution process is inevitable in
the world and no one can deny such fact and under it, with the passage of time
humans transformed themselves into groups, families, tribes, and communities
and owing to these aspects soon stage came when the concept of a welfare state
was introduced into the world. Today human population across the corners of the
world is divided into classes, tribes, nations and same have devised certain
rules and regulation which are both self-created and also related to guidance
from spiritual personalities and multidimensional beliefs as regard to the
existence of Allah. For successful administration of a state, it is vital that
there must be a constitution, organized structures, the existence of public
authorities, regulators and elected government which aims at maximum in terms
of protection of human rights, availability of basic necessities and security
of territorial integrity and sovereignty of the state. The consensus among all
of the stakeholders must be there so that concept of the welfare state may be
implemented in letter and spirit in the society and essence of progress and
developments in all walks of life seen.
Parameters for the successful state:
Life is a race and sense of
competition across the corners of the world has introduced various trends and
parameters upon the basis of which success rate of a state can be measured.
Various social indicators like poverty, education, unemployment, availability
of basic necessities and concern of public authorities in promoting the living
standard of common man help in the determination of successful state. Today
world is experiencing the pace of progress at very fast rate and such progress
has transformed the whole of the world into a global village owing to which
international economies and businesses are now in a position to interact on
24/7 basis under kindness of social media and other technological aspects.
European and American countries are in particular enjoying and implementing
successful policies and approaches which are proving instrumental in enlisting
these among power brokers in global politics and trendsetters in economic
spheres. All such has been possible owing to concern towards making state at
the maximum level successful for collective benefits.
Impact and causes of failed states:
Today on the map of the world it can
be clearly seen that many countries are facing economic, political and social
challenges which have made public authorities so much ineffective that their
importance is perceived just in terms of symbolic presence and nothing else.
Causes of failure of these states like Afghanistan, Somalia, and Iraq can be
summed up in the following manner:
Political groups and sects are much
powerful in developing countries like Afghanistan and Somalia which have
snatched almost decision-making powers of central governments.
International powers interference in
internal matters pertaining to these states and situation of civil war have
also aggravated the situation for these states.
The biased approach of international
media in presenting real picture of these states is also one of the prominent
causes of failure of these states. Such situation has resulted in
frustration, lawlessness, and sense of deprivation among various segments of
society in particular young generation belonging to these states.
Human capital and natural resources
are underutilized owing to such situation and same has led to unhealthy
activities like crimes and aggression towards each other.
Regional disturbances and micro aspects:
Failed states in the world like Iraq,
Afghanistan, Somalia, and Syria have been experiencing the essence of regional
disturbances and these are producing enormous impacts upon global political and
economic aspects in a diversified manner. Such disturbances and other micro
aspects can be widely discussed in the following manner:
Religious organization under the
title of Hezbollah is concentrating upon anti-state activities in Iraq and it
is also perceived that same is being supported by international powers owing to
which whole of the Arab world is experiencing disturbance.
Northern Alliance in Afghanistan is
also enjoying the support of various funded organizations and states owing to
which crime rate has multiplied enormously during the last couple of years in
that country and such situation has created the perception of a failed state
for Afghanistan. Apart from that on various occasions, US administration has
itself admitted that it does not have complete control over Afghanistan and our
success is not certain yet.
Regional disturbances have led to
various micro issues in these states like lawlessness, poverty,
unemployment and such situation is very much alarming for international
organizations and trendsetters in world politics like the USA and the European
Union.
Failed states blessing in disguise for terrorists:
When countries experience inefficient
functioning of public institutions, lack of respect for rule of law and mutual
consensus among all of the stakeholders then this results in the decline of
states and ultimately leads to failure in the long run. Such situation is
considered a golden opportunity for terrorist groups and organizations who
always remain in search for factors that can be used as a weapon by these for
the protection of western interests in the long run. After the disintegration
of USSR in early 90’s when Afghanistan was left at the mercy of international
powers the whole world witnessed extreme instability and power tussle among
various militant groups who were united against USSR for long. Such situation
also disturbed neighboring states like Pakistan where people became aware of
weapon culture and smuggling of drugs and narcotics. When US government tried
to dismantle Farah aided in Somalia it was experienced by USA and UN forces
during the war in early 1992 that various factors like lack of awareness,
lawlessness, exploitation and unstable central government were at their peak.
All such factors lead to the fact that failed states ultimately prove a
blessing for terrorists in an adverse manner.
Role of the international community:
UN charter and divine principles
which have been explained in various religions have clearly expressed that to
serve the humanity is above to all other aspects regardless of nation, group
and territorial distribution. People in various developing countries in general
and in failed states, in particular, are experiencing disturbing lives owing to
various factors which have been discussed earlier and owing to it natural and
human resources are ending in smoke. In this regard, it is the foremost
responsibility of regional and international powers to move forward and render
their due portion of moral obligation so that people here may enjoy provisions
of life in a comfortable manner. UNO has so far rendered its due role towards
various states like Congo, Liberia and Bosnia under its peacekeeping missions
and also its various organs like WHO, UNICEF and UNESCO are playing their due
role but after all role of developed countries is of paramount nature in this
regard.
Historical aspects:
The world has witnessed that after
the incident of nine eleven US government under the leadership of George Bush
initiated war against terrorism and NATO forces under such leadership stood in
favor of USA and furiously responded towards terrorists in Afghanistan and Al
Qaeda’s main leaders like Mullah Omer and Osama Bin Laden were in particular
targeted. The State of Afghanistan was experiencing the essence of lawlessness,
crimes and other social evils at that time and thus such war proved training
ground for international powers to test their military muscle so as to nip the
evil in bud. Contrary to aims and expectations international powers started
interfering in regional matters unduly owing to which people belonging to such
country instead of pocketing benefits faced the even worst situation. Picture
of Iraq in 2003 was not much different from Afghanistan when issues of torture
and humiliating attitude appeared before international media in Abu Grebe prison
and furious bombing by US planes in various locations of Afghanistan that
resulted in the loss of cultural heritage and causalities in thousands.
Conflict among regional and international powers:
War against terrorism was initiated
so as to root out the menace of terrorism at maximum level but contrary to that
world not only witnessed further instability in failed states like Afghanistan
and Iraq but also such aspect resulted in a conflict among regional and
international powers. Russia former Soviet Union was in search of an
opportunity to pay back what it experienced during the cold war to Afghanistan
and indirectly other regional powers like Pakistan, China, Iran and India also
rendered their role by considering soil of Afghanistan as training ground which
could secure their western interests at large. Such situation led to the fact
that sovereignty of Afghanistan was in jeopardy and same proved true to a large
extent when China and India started their investments by considering the USA as
its rival in such country. During last sixteen years, aims and objectives of
war against terrorism which were set with commitment and passion have not been
achieved so far at the maximum.
Economic and political aspects of intervention:
The intervention of international
powers in various failed states has produced enormous impacts upon these in a
diversified manner and it is also a fact that people belonging to these states
have not pocketed benefits which were associated with the fact that
international powers will determine their future course of action. Various
economic and political aspects of intervention can be seen in the following
manner:
As compared to past although in
certain areas like infrastructural developments and advanced means of
communication improvements can be seen economic growth and development of these
states as discussed earlier have not uplifted at an appreciable level.
Establishment of pro-American
governments in both Afghanistan and Iraq have not provided fruitful results in
terms of welfare and other social indicators since policy making, planning and
decision making are at limited levels in the hands of locally established
governments and US policymakers are not ready to rely completely on even their
own established governments.
US policymakers believe that these
governments have strong connections with regional powers, military agencies and
militant groups and in the presence of these elements how it is possible that
sovereignty of these states is secured in the eyes of common man.
Power tussle and future of failed states:
Presence of US-led military alliance
in Asian and Arab regions have so far produced negative impacts as compared to
achievements in the eyes of global think tanks since every member nation of
NATO has shown its concerns and views about impacts of war against terrorism
upon economic and political structures of these countries and after all
ultimate solution to such situation can never be devised without consulting
local communities and groups. In this regard so far, future of above-mentioned
countries is still uncertain since apart from injection of billions of dollars
so far desirable results have not been achieved and internal disputes also
demand the attention of political trendsetters in the world.
Current perspective and role of UNO:
Under the given situation role of UNO
is paramount in nature since such global forum has the capability to implement
its charter that provides respect to sovereignty and territorial integrity of
failed states. People who belong to these states are not only reluctant to
disseminate their role for the progress and development of their nation but
also across the corners of the world where under the concept of information age
world is witnessing marvelous inventions and discoveries. International powers
must respect and give significance to decisions and resolutions of UNO so that
common misperception of biased attitude of such forum may be abolished at the
maximum.
Recommendations and suggestions:
In view of global perspectives
related to failed states and issue of their sovereignty, various suggestions
and recommendations may be put forward for benefits of neglected states and
their people and these are in the following manner:
Regional powers and strong political
and religious groups must be given due importance by international powers so
that for collective benefits policies and plans may be devised.
Role of UNO and other regional
security agencies must be enhanced in failed states since to understand
traditions and norms of these states are much easier for local stakeholders as
compared to others.
Conclusion:
Every nation and country deserve
respect and such element must be ensured at maximum level by international
powers in terms of sovereignty since under UN charter and various religious
guidelines moving beyond ethics and limitations lead to aggression, deprivation
and in extreme cases unexpected response as was faced by the USA in Vietnam.
